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Highlights resources that are used by organizations across Canada in their work on trafficking. Backgrounder on Trafficking in Persons for Forced Labour. Provides information on how trafficking in persons for the purpose of forced labour takes place in Canada. Download the full assessment tool here. Know a person or a group who may be interested in joining a vibrant national network of member organizations and individuals working together for the rights of refugees and newcomers?

Share these reasons to join the Canadian Council for Refugees with them. Trafficking in persons occurs when someone obtains a profit from the exploitation of another person by using some form of coercion, deception or fraud.

This document aims to give information about how trafficking for labour exploitation can take place in Canada. Trafficking for forced labour happens in a context of both global and local economic inequalities where many people are looking for ways to better protect and provide for themselves and their families. Around the world, approximately 21 million people are in a situation of forced labour.

Most of these individuals are exploited by private individuals or businesses. A minority of people are forced to work by state entities. Women are overrepresented among forced labourers globally. Root causes of trafficking are often socio-economic or political.

Poverty, conflicts, inequalities including based on gender and persecution are among the common contexts. While many people find themselves in situations of forced labour in their home communities, these root causes often push people to migrate in search of opportunities. Increasingly restrictive immigration rules worldwide make it more difficult for people to migrate safely and make many migrants more vulnerable.

Traffickers take advantage of these situations by exploiting the very limited options and lack of legal and social protections that are available to migrants. The following shows what the various elements involved in labour trafficking might look like concretely.

An ac tion whereby a person is:. The people involved are not always just the employer or recruiter: acquaintances, neighbours and family members can also play a role. In recent years, Canada has increasingly shifted its focus from permanent to more precarious temporary immigration. More workers are now being brought into Canada on a temporary basis with fewer rights than other workers to fill labour needs.

These conditions and the lack of employment options available to them have made migrant workers extremely vulnerable to abuse and exploitation. Trafficking in persons is the most extreme form of exploitation faced by migrant workers in Canada.

In Canada, trafficking for the purpose of labour has predominantly affected migrant workers. Temporary Foreign Workers employed under these streams may be employed in restaurants, hotels or other hospitality services, on farms, in food preparation, in construction or in manufacturing, as well as in domestic work.

The TFWP conditions place migrant workers in a situation where they are vulnerable to exploitation and trafficking. These conditions include:. Unfortunately, the changes introduced to the TFWP in June do little to strengthen protection measures for workers. Although some enforcement and monitoring measures have been added, the program continues to rely overwhelmingly on a complaints system that migrant workers are unlikely to use as this can still lead to deportation.

The shift towards more restrictive immigration policies in Canada has also created additional opportunities for people to be trafficked for the purpose of forced labour, by creating additional vulnerabilities that traffickers take advantage of. Some trafficked persons are forced by their traffickers to make a refugee claim, which is either meant to fail or is not pursued, so that the person is subject to removal.

Recent changes to the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act bar people whose refugee claims have been rejected, withdrawn or abandoned, from applying for status, including the Temporary Resident Permit intended for victims of trafficking.

In , 23 Hungarian men were trafficked to Canada. They were forced to make refugee claims, their documents were taken away and they were made to work on construction sites up to seven days a week without pay and to participate in criminal activities. They were threatened and some were physically assaulted. Trafficking for forced labour also takes place in situations where a person is forced into domestic servitude by family members or by others outside the family.

Such cases can include:. People with insecure immigration status or no status at all are particularly vulnerable to trafficking for their labour. Whether they enter as a Temporary Foreign Worker, a refugee claimant, a student, a tourist or irregularly, traffickers may take advantage of their limited rights in Canada and the threat of detention and deportation, to force them to carry out work.

Due to changes in immigration policy, more people are in Canada with temporary and precarious status. The CCR has had an active campaign for the rights of migrant workers in Canada for the last ten years. In recent years, it has become harder for newcomers to get Canadian citizenship. Increasingly difficult tests, more costly applications, additional requirements, longer waits and frustrating red tape have stood in the way of newcomers becoming citizens and thus being able to participate fully in Canadian society with all rights.

These barriers are having a disproportionate impact on more vulnerable newcomers, such as refugees and more isolated or low-income newcomers. Canada has traditionally encouraged newcomers to become citizens, as a way to strengthen our society and promote the integration of newcomers.

In , the Canadian Council for Refugees will celebrate 30 years of promoting refugee rights and newcomer settlement in Canada. We are calling all artists to design a logo that reflects what the CCR is all about. Designs should be easy to reproduce and work in both English and French.

Promotional materials will include a list of sponsoring organizations in a virtual honour wall. The money will be used, in part, as seed money to support the 30th anniversary activities. Please respond by 31 January To respond to these calls, or to provide other suggestions, please send an email to ccr30 ccrweb. Want to participate in in-depth discussions on pressing issues affecting refugees and immigrants in Canada?

All CCR members are encouraged to attend the Working Group meetings, which are also open to others interested. The meetings are closed to media and government.

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